Semiconductor device processing method and plasma processing method and its apparatus

ABSTRACT

When determining the presence of foreign particles in a processing chamber by radiating a laser beam inside a processing chamber and detecting scattered light from foreign particles within the processing chamber, the detection of scattered light is performed using a detecting lens having a wide field angle and deep focal depth. Accordingly, the detection of foreign particles floating in the processing chamber can be performed across a wide range, and with uniform sensitivity, with a detecting optical system having a simple constitution.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention relates to a semiconductor processing method, for semiconductor substrates or liquid crystal substrates, and its apparatus, and more particularly to a semiconductor processing method and its apparatus which is provided a function for in situ measurement of foreign particles floating within a processing chamber, for performing processes such as the formation of thin films (film growth) and etching, and the state of contamination of the processing chamber.

[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0004] Processes using plasma, such as in an etching apparatus, are widely applied to semiconductor manufacturing processes and substrate manufacturing processes for liquid crystal display apparatuses.

[0005] An example of a process apparatus using plasma is a plasma etching apparatus. In such a plasma etching apparatus, reaction products produced by the etching reaction with plasma processing accumulate on the walls of the plasma processing chamber or the electrodes, and as time passes these separate and become floating particles, These floating particles can drop to the wafer in the instant when the etching process is finished and the plasma discharge is stopped, and become adhered particles, resulting in bad circuits and a bad pattern appearance. In the end, these particles become a factor in low yields and reduced reliability of the elements.

[0006] A great many apparatuses for detecting foreign particles adhered on the abovementioned wafer surface have been reported and are being applied, but these perform the inspection with the wafer removed from the plasma processing apparatus. At that time when it is determined that most foreign particles will occur, the process of another wafer is already under way and a problem is the reduced yields because of the large volume of bad wafers occurring. Also, in the evaluation after the process, the distribution of the occurrence of foreign particles within the processing chamber and the change over time are not determined.

[0007] Consequently the technology for real-time, in situ monitoring of the state of contamination within a processing chamber is demanded in fields such as semiconductor manufacturing and liquid crystal manufacturing. The size of the particles floating within the processing chamber is in the sub micron to several hundred micrometer range. In the semiconductor field where densification is progressing to 256 Mbit DRAM (dynamic random access memory) and 1 Gbit DRAM, the minimum line width of the circuit pattern is 0.25 to 0.18 im and is only getting smaller. The size of the particles to be detected must also be on the sub micron order.

[0008] The conventional art for monitoring foreign particles floating within a processing chamber (vacuum processing chamber) such as a plasma processing chamber includes the technologies disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-open Publications No. H3-25355 (prior art 1), H10-213539 (prior art 2), H11-251252 (prior art 3), and H11-330053 (prior art 4).

[0009] The abovementioned prior art 1 discloses a microscopic particle measurement apparatus for measuring microscopic particles adhered on the semiconductor device substrate surface and microscopic particles that are floating using the scattering of a laser beam, and comprising:

[0010] a laser beam phase modulator for generating two laser beams modulated with prescribed frequencies so that the wavelengths are the same but the phases are different;

[0011] an optical system for causing the abovementioned two laser beams to intersect in a space including microscopic particles which are the abovementioned measurement subject;

[0012] a photodetector for receiving light scattered by the microscopic particles that are the measurement subject in the region where the abovementioned two laser beams intersect and converting the light to an electrical signal; and

[0013] a signal processor for extracting the signal component wherein the phase modulation signal and frequency in the abovementioned laser beam phase modulator are the same or double in the electrical signal from this scattered light, and the phase difference between the abovementioned phase modulated signals is constant over time.

[0014] Also, the abovementioned prior art 2 makes note of a microparticle sensor comprising:

[0015] a beam emitter for emitting a beam of light to radiate across a measured volume;

[0016] a detector including a photodetector and an optical system for focusing the scattered light from the abovementioned measured volume and directing that light to the abovementioned photodetector, and constituted so that the photodetector generates a signal showing the intensity of the light directed to the photodetector; and

[0017] signal processing means comprising a pulse detector which is connected so as to analyze the signal from the abovementioned photodetector and detect pulses in the signal from the abovementioned photodetector; and an event detector for the microparticles and specifying a series of pulses caused by scattered light resulting from the abovementioned microparticles following irradiation a plurality of times with the abovementioned beam during the time when those microparticles are moving within the abovementioned measured volume.

[0018] Prior art 3 and 4 make note of foreign particle monitoring technology:

[0019] wherein a beam of light having the desired wavelength and with its intensity modulated by the desired frequency is radiated within a processing chamber;

[0020] scattered light attained from within the processing chamber is separated into the abovementioned desired wavelength component, and collected and converted to a signal; and

[0021] by the extraction of the abovementioned intensity modulated component with the desired frequency from that signal, a signal showing the foreign particles floating in or near the plasma is separated and detected from that signal resulting from the abovementioned plasma. In particular, FIGS. 15 and 16 in the prior art 3 show an optical system for detecting side-scattered light and comprising an interference filter, imaging lens, optical length correcting prism, a plurality of pinholes, and a parallel output type photodiode array.

[0022] However, in the semiconductor field where densification is progressing to 256 Mbit DRAM and 1 Gbit DRAM, the minimum line width of the circuit pattern is 0.25 to 0.18 μm and is only getting smaller. The size of the particles to be detected must also be on the sub micron order.

[0023] In the abovementioned prior art 1 and 2, however, the application is limited to the observation of comparatively large particles because of the difficulty of separating the particle-scattered light and the plasma emission, and it is thought to be difficult to detect microscopic particles on the sub micron order.

[0024] On the other hand, in the abovementioned prior art 7 and 8, the issue is that the detection optical system is complicated and expensive, even though it is possible to separate the particle-scattered light and the plasma emission, because a beam of light having the desired wavelength and with its intensity modulated by the desired frequency is radiated within a processing chamber; scattered light attained from within the processing chamber is separated into the abovementioned desired wavelength component, and collected and converted to a signal; and the abovementioned intensity modulated component with the desired frequency is extracted from that signal.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0025] The present invention is a plasma processing method and an apparatus therefor with improved yields, and which makes possible real-time monitoring of the state of contamination in a plasma processing chamber with a simplified detecting optical system, and with greatly improved detection sensitivity for detecting and separating the plasma emission for sub micron, floating microscopic particles in or near the plasma in a plasma processing chamber.

[0026] Also, the present invention is a semiconductor processing method which is able to manufacture high-quality semiconductors with high yields, and which makes possible real-time monitoring of the state of contamination in a plasma processing chamber with a simplified detecting optical system, and with greatly improved detection sensitivity for detecting and separating the plasma emission for sub micron, floating microscopic particles in or near the plasma in a plasma processing chamber.

[0027] Specifically, in the present invention, when the desired thin film growth or finishing process for a processed substrate (semiconductor substrate) is performed in a processing chamber, for example, a laser beam from an external laser beam source passes through a viewing window and radiates into the processing chamber, scattered light scattered by foreign particles within the processing chamber is then received by one detecting lens, and from the abovementioned detection signal, the number, size, and distribution of foreign particles as well as the state of contamination of the inner walls of the processing chamber are determined and the results of this determination are displayed on a display.

[0028] Also, the present invention is a semiconductor processing method and plasma processing method comprising:

[0029] an introduction step for introducing a semiconductor substrate into a processing chamber;

[0030] a plasma generating step for generating plasma in the abovementioned processing chamber;

[0031] a processing step for processing a semiconductor substrate by processing the abovementioned semiconductor substrate with a reaction with the abovementioned generated plasma in the abovementioned processing chamber;

[0032] a foreign particle detection step for detecting foreign particles floating in or near the abovementioned generated plasma in the abovementioned processing chamber; and

[0033] a removal step for removing the abovementioned processed semiconductor substrate from the processing chamber;

[0034] wherein the abovementioned foreign particle detection step comprises:

[0035] a radiation step for radiating a laser beam through a window established in the abovementioned processing chamber, and causing the beam to scan over and irradiate the semiconductor substrate introduced in the abovementioned processing chamber with a scanning optical system;

[0036] a detecting step wherein, when the laser beam is scanned over the semiconductor substrate in the abovementioned radiation step, scattered light from floating foreign particles occurring across the entire region over the abovementioned semiconductor substrate passes through the window established in the abovementioned processing chamber and is focused on the plane of incidence by a detecting lens, having a wide field angle so as to make the light incident to the plane of incidence and a detecting optical axis different from the illuminating optical axis of the abovementioned scanning optical system, and the light focused on the plane of incidence is received with a detector and is converted to a first signal; and

[0037] a step for attaining the abovementioned floating foreign particle information from the abovementioned first signal.

[0038] These and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039]FIG. 1 is a schematic showing a first embodiment of a plasma processing apparatus relating to the present invention (an etching process apparatus having an apparatus for measuring floating particles in the plasma);

[0040]FIG. 2 is a drawing showing the illumination, foreign particles, foreign particle-scattered light, and the generation of scattered light by the inner walls of the processing chamber, relating to the present invention;

[0041]FIG. 3 is a drawing to explain an example of ray tracing for the detection of scattered light with the detecting lens;

[0042]FIG. 4 is a drawing to explain an example of ray tracing in the vicinity of the image plane of the detecting lens for foreign particle-scattered light detected by a detecting lens;

[0043]FIG. 5 is a drawing to explain the physical relationship between the viewing window, scanning optical system, and detecting lens relating to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0044]FIG. 6 is a drawing to explain an image in the image plane of the detecting lens relating to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0045]FIG. 7 is a drawing to explain the physical relationship between the viewing window, scanning optical system, and detecting lens relating to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0046]FIG. 8 is a drawing to explain an image in the image plane of the detecting lens relating to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0047]FIG. 9 is a drawing showing the detected image when a detection area limiting filter (spatial filter) is present, in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0048]FIG. 10 shows the change over time of the detected light intensity at nine points on the processed substrate (wafer) in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0049]FIG. 11 shows the foreign particle signal intensity at nine points on the processed substrate (wafer) in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0050]FIG. 12 is a schematic showing a second embodiment of a plasma processing apparatus relating to the present invention (an etching process apparatus having an apparatus for measuring floating particles in the plasma);

[0051]FIG. 13 is a drawing to explain an image in the image plane of the detecting lens relating to the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0052]FIG. 14 is a drawing to explain the physical relationship between the viewing window, scanning optical system, and detecting lens relating to the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0053]FIG. 15 is a drawing showing the detected image when a detection area limiting filter (spatial filter) is present, in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0054]FIG. 16 is a drawing to explain the physical relationship between the viewing window, scanning optical system, and detecting lens relating to the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0055]FIG. 17 is a drawing to explain an image in the image plane of the detecting lens relating to the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0056]FIG. 18 is a drawing showing the detected image when a detection area limiting filter (spatial filter) is present, in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0057]FIG. 19 is a drawing to explain the typical process flow, for the processing steps of a semiconductor integrated circuit device, including a plasma processing apparatus with an apparatus for measuring floating foreign particles in plasma, relating to the present invention;

[0058]FIG. 20 is a drawing to explain the typical process flow using cross sectional structures to show the process for forming a contact hole, relating to the present invention;

[0059]FIG. 21 is a drawing to explain a typical example of a defect occurring because of adhered particles in the process of etching a contact hole, relating to the present invention; and

[0060]FIG. 22 is a cross sectional view of the plan of the detecting lens and plasma processing chamber.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0061] Explained using the drawings are the following: a plasma processing method and apparatus therefor which are to make possible the real-time monitoring of the state of contamination in a plasma processing chamber (in which a specimen is processed by using plasma produced inside said chamber) and improve yields, relating to the present invention; and a semiconductor processing method and its embodiment on the production line, for reducing the number of bad processed substrates (subjects of process) resulting from adhered particles, and processing high-quality semiconductor elements or the like. Plasma processing apparatuses for processing semiconductor elements or the like may include a plasma etching apparatus and a plasma film growth apparatus. These plasma processing apparatuses generate plasma within a processing chamber and perform etching on a processed substrate, or film growth using CVD and sputtering.

[0062] An embodiment for real-time monitoring of the state of contamination (the situation of the generation of foreign particles or the like) within a processing chamber in these plasma processing apparatuses is explained below using FIGS. 1 through 21.

[0063] The plasma processing apparatus relating to a first embodiment of the present invention is explained using FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 1(a), the etching process apparatus 80 generates plasma 71 on an electrode 82 whereon rests the processed wafer W, and processes the processed wafer W with the plasma generated. In this plasma processing apparatus, during the course of plasma processing of the processed wafer W, reaction products are not exhausted and some of the products are accumulated on the inner walls of the processing chamber 86 and the electrode. Furthermore, as a large number of processed wafers W the undergo plasma processing, much of the accumulated reaction products separate and float in the processing chamber 86, penetrating the plasma 71. Many of those particles adhere to the surface of the processed wafer W, resulting in the production of a bad processed wafer W to which a large quantity of foreign particles is adhered. In particular, as the densification of circuit patterns formed on processed wafers progresses in the field of semiconductors, the minimum line width of the circuit pattern is 0.25 to 0.18 μm and is only getting smaller. Consequently, even though the size of the foreign particles adhered on the surface of the processed wafer is on the sub micron order, bad processed wafers are produced.

[0064] Moreover, in each of the embodiments relating to the present invention discussed below, the examples shown have the present invention applied to a parallel plane plasma etching apparatus used in a plasma dry etching apparatus, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby and the present invention may also be applied to thin film formation (film growth) apparatuses such as sputtering apparatuses and CVD apparatuses, or to various types of thin film formation and processing apparatuses such as ECR etching apparatuses, microwave etching apparatuses, or ashing apparatuses.

[0065] The first embodiment of the plasma processing apparatus related to the present invention is explained using FIGS. 1 through 11. FIGS. 1(a) and (b) show the constitution of the etching process apparatus with a foreign particle monitor (foreign particle detecting apparatus) for the processing chamber, relating to the first embodiment.

[0066] In the etching process apparatus as shown in FIG. 1(a), the output voltage of a power amp 84 is modulated by a high frequency signal from a signal generator 83, and this high frequency voltage is divided with a splitter 85 and applied across an upper electrode 81 and lower electrode 82 established parallel to each other in the plasma processing chamber 86. As a result of the discharge across the electrodes, the etching gas supplied is made into plasma and the plasma 71 is generated. The semiconductor substrate (wafer) W which is the processed object is etched with the active species thereof. A 380 to 800 kHz signal is used as the high frequency signal. Furthermore, the etching process apparatus performs etching process such that the desired pattern formation and depth are achieved by monitoring the progress of the etching and detecting as accurately as possible the end point thereof. Specifically, when the end point is detected, the output of the power amp 6 is stopped and thereafter the processed wafer W is transported from the processing chamber 86. Otherwise, the plasma etching apparatus 80 may be that which etches by introducing resonating microwaves and creating plasma with a magnetic field or electrical field.

[0067] The plasma film growth apparatus may be that which supplies a CVD gas, for example, creates plasma of this supplied CVD gas with high frequency power from the upper electrode, and causes a reaction to form films on the processed substrate.

[0068] The plasma floating particle measuring apparatus (foreign particle detecting apparatus) 5000 relating to the present invention is explained next. The apparatus 5000 for measuring foreign particles within the processing chamber comprises mainly a laser radiating optical system 2000, a scattered light detecting optical system 3000, and a control and signal processing system 4000. In a first embodiment of the apparatus 5000 for measuring foreign particles within the processing chamber, the radiated beam outlet in the laser radiating optical system 2000 and the detection beam inlet in the scattered light detecting optical system 3000 are disposed so as to be opposite the viewing window (window glass) 20 a established in the side of the plasma processing chamber 86. Specifically, the scattered light detecting optical system 3000 detects mainly the back-scattered light generated from floating foreign particles because of detecting the laser beam passing through the illuminating viewing window (window glass) 20 a.

[0069] In the laser radiating optical system 2000, a beam 101, output from a laser light source 9 (for example, that which outputs a solid laser beam with wavelength 532 nm, a 633 nm He-Ne laser beam, a 514.5 nm Ar laser beam, or a 780 nm semiconductor laser beam) is incident to the intensity modulator 8. The intensity modulator 8 can be constituted with an AO (accousto-optical) modulator or a mechanical intensity modulator which causes high-speed rotation of a disk with an aperture therein. On the basis of a control signal 19 from the computer 18, a short wavelength signal with a frequency of 170 kHz and duty of 40 to 60% (preferably 50%), output from an oscillator 11, is applied to the driver 10 which drives the intensity modulator 8. Thereby the abovementioned beam 101 undergoes intensity modulation with the abovementioned frequency by the abovementioned intensity modulator 8. In the present embodiment where a high frequency voltage applied to the electrode of the etching process apparatus is 400 kHz, the laser intensity modulation frequency may be 400 kHz and the abovementioned frequency 170 kHz, which is different from the 800 kHz and 1.2 MHz high frequency component thereof. The reason for this is discussed below.

[0070] The intensity modulated beam 102 is focused at the center of the processed substrate (wafer) by the lens group 6. The beam is reflected by the galvanomirror (scanning optical system) 3 and guided into the processing chamber 86 through the viewing window 20 a established in the side of the plasma processing chamber 86. Moreover, the abovementioned lens group 6 may be constituted of an optical system with a focal depth spanning 300 mm and able to maintain a spot of diameter 10 to 30 μm as noted in Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. H11-251252, but this becomes expensive.

[0071] As the galvanomirror (scanning optical system) 3 is caused to rotate, the beam is scanned in a plane parallel to the surface of the processed substrate (wafer) and thereby it becomes possible to illuminate (detect foreign particles) the area above the entire surface of the processed substrate (wafer) W. The scanning optical system 3 may be an optical system which can scan a beam in a plane parallel to the wafer surface, but is not limited to being a galvanomirror and can also be constituted with a rotating prism, for example.

[0072] The method for detecting foreign particle-scattered light is explained next. As shown in FIG. 2, the intensity modulated beam 102 guided into the plasma processing chamber 86 is scattered by foreign particles 21 a, 21 b, 21 c within the processing chamber. In the foreign particle-scattered light, mainly back-scattered light is detected by a detecting lens 22, having a detecting optical axis inclined with respect to the illuminating optical axis, in a plane parallel to the wafer surface through the viewing window 20 a as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5(a). In this way, the detecting optical axis of the detecting lens 22 is different from the illuminating optical axis of the lens group 6 including the scanning optical system 3, and thereby it becomes possible to make it unnecessary to match up the detecting optical axis and illuminating optical axis. However, as the scanning optical system 3 is cause to scan, it is necessary that a beam, reflected rectangularly by the plane of incidence of the viewing window 20 a is not incident to the pupil of the detecting lens 22. For this reason, the plane of incidence of the viewing window 20 a may be slightly inclined with respect to the perpendicular direction.

[0073] Because it is necessary to detect all of the backscattered light from the floating foreign particles occurring in the entire plane above the processed substrate (wafer) W, the detecting lens 22 must be a lens having a wide field angle and/or a deep depth of field, such as a wide angle camera lens or a fish eye lens, as shown in FIG. 3. Specifically, the detecting lens 22 must image object points (floating foreign particles) 23 a, 23 b, 23 c present in the object plane over the space (entire surface directly over the processed wafer substrate W), as shown in FIG. 3, at least in the plane parallel to the wafer surface, at image points 24 a, 24 b, 24 c respectively on the image plane 26 of the detecting lens 22 (detection area limiting filter (spatial filter) 2).

[0074] At this time, the abovementioned detecting lens 22 is a lens having a deep depth of field such that the focal point matches the object point present at a location more distant than the minimum imaging distance. All of the foreign particle-scattered light occurring at locations farther than the abovementioned minimum imaging distance is imaged at the image plane 26 of the detecting lens 22. At this time, in order to focus the foreign particle-scattered light occurring over the wafer W, the abovementioned detecting lens 22 must be a lens having a minimum imaging distance shorter than the distance from the detecting lens 22 to the closest point on the wafer W. having a depth of field longer than the wafer size in order to focus all of the foreign particle-scattered light occurring over the wafer W with uniform sensitivity regardless of the location where the scattered light occurs, and furthermore having a wide field angle in order to detect all of the foreign particle-scattered light occurring over the abovementioned wafer W. For example, as shown in FIG. 22, when the external dimensions of the plasma processing chamber 86 are 600 mm, the size of the wafer W is a diameter of 200 mm, and the distance between the abovementioned detecting lens 22 and the plasma processing chamber 86 is 100 mm, then the distance between the abovementioned detecting lens 22 and the nearest point on the abovementioned wafer W becomes 300 mm and the necessary minimum imaging distance becomes 300 mm or less. Also, the necessary depth of field must be 200 mm or greater, the diameter of the abovementioned wafer, in order to focus all of the foreign particle-scattered light occurring over the wafer W with uniform sensitivity regardless of the point at which the foreign particle-scattered light occurs. Also, the field angle necessary to detect all of the foreign particle-scattered light occurring over the abovementioned wafer W becomes 28.08°. A lens which satisfies these capacities is, for example, the AF Fisheye Nikkor 16 mm F 2.8 D from Nikon. The minimum imaging distance of this lens is 250 mm, the depth of field ranges from infinity to the minimum imaging distance (for object points farther than the minimum imaging distance of 250 mm, all focus fits and the images are not blurred), and the field angle is 180°. Consequently, all the foreign particle-scattered light occurring in the space over the wafer W can be detected at the same sensitivity with the abovementioned detecting lens 22. The foreign particle-scattered light detected with the abovementioned detecting lens 22 is focused on the plane of incidence of the fiber 13. The end plane of incidence of this optic fiber 13 (light collecting area) may be of the same size or larger than the image plane of the abovementioned detecting lens 22. For example, in the case of the abovementioned AF Fisheye Nikkor 16 mm F 2.8 D from Nikon, the image size is a standard screen size of 24 by 36 mm of one frame of 35 mm film, and therefore the end plane of incidence of the optic fiber 13 (light collecting area) may be 24 by 36 mm or greater. The size of the end plane of incidence (light collecting area) of the abovementioned optic fiber 13 that is actually necessary may be the region in which the foreign particle-scattered light occurs, in effect, the image size corresponding to the area illuminated by the intensity modulated beam 102 in the space over the wafer W. It is therefore possible to decrease the size of the end plane of incidence (light collecting area) of the optic fiber 13 as necessary. In order to ensure a large light collecting surface, methods using a bundled fiber or liquid light guide as the abovementioned optic fiber 13 are effective.

[0075] In the case where the outline of the processed substrate W is D and the distance between the detecting lens 22 and the center of the processed substrate W is L, the abovementioned detecting lens 22 is a lens having a deep depth of field such that the focal point matches the object points present at locations farther than the minimum imaging distance (L−(D/2)−β) which is in the vicinity of the left end directly over the processed substrate W. All of the foreign particle-scattered light occurring at locations farther than the abovementioned minimum imaging distance (entire region from near the left to near the right end over the processed substrate W) is imaged in the image plane 26 of the abovementioned detecting lens 22. Moreover, if the size of the plane of incidence (light collecting area) of the optic fiber 13 is greater than the size of the image plane of the detecting lens 22, then the detecting lens 22 does not necessarily need to be constituted with a lens having a deep depth of field. After all, the detecting lens 22 needs to be able to bring the back-scattered light from floating foreign particles occurring over the entire surface of the processed substrate (wafer) W to strike the plane of incidence of the optic fiber 13. For this reason, the detecting lens 22 is minimally constituted having a wide field angle as shown in FIG. 3.

[0076] Consequently, the detecting lens 22 can bring the back-scattered light from the floating foreign particles occurring over the entire surface of the processed substrate (wafer) W to strike the plane of incidence of the optic fiber 13, and detect with uniform sensitivity the foreign particle-scattered light occurring in a wide space within the abovementioned processing chamber 86. Of course, the detecting lens 22 may also be able to image all of the back-scattered light from floating foreign particles occurring over the entire surface of the processed substrate (wafer) W at the image plane (spatial filter 2) 26. In this case, as explained in detail below, with just a small difference in height between the detecting optical axis and illuminating optical axis, it becomes possible to block scattered light reflected from the walls with the spatial filter 2.

[0077] In the case where the outline of the processed substrate W is D and the distance between the detecting lens 22 and the center of the processed substrate W is L, it is necessary that the wide field angle (apparent angle) 2θ of the detecting lens 22 be tan θ>((D+α)/2)/L. In the case where the processed substrate is 8 to 12 inches, D becomes 203 to 304 mm, and therefore (D+α) is 300 to 400 mm or greater, and L must become 500 to 750 mm or greater. As result, the wide field angle (apparent angle) 2θ of the detecting lens 22 must become 30 to 34° or greater. When the apparent angle of the detecting lens 22 is 2θ, and when the field number of the detecting lens 22 is FA, the focal distance is f, and the magnification is m, the relationship in the following equation (1) is developed.

tan θ=(FA/2)·(1/f)=FA(m/500)  (1)

[0078] As explained above, the foreign particle-scattered light detected by the detecting lens 22 is focused on the plane of incidence of the optic fiber 13. Moreover, the plane of incidence of the optic fiber 13 (light collecting area) is of the same size or greater than the image plane of the abovementioned detecting lens 22. Consequently, the optic fiber 13 is able to detect with uniform sensitivity the foreign particle-scattered light occurring in a wide space within the abovementioned processing chamber 86. In this way, methods using a bundled fiber or liquid light guide are effective in order to ensure a large light collecting surface (plane of incidence).

[0079] Moreover, the vertical disposition perpendicular to the wafer surface of the detecting lens 22 may be at the same height as the galvanomirror (scanning optical system) 3, as shown in FIG. 5(b). In this case, work is necessary so that reaction products do not accumulate on the inner walls 87 of the processing chamber 86, for transparency, for example, so that scattered light 19 from the laser beam illumination reflected therefrom does not occur, and for reflection, for example, so that the light 19 does not strike the detecting lens 22.

[0080] Normally, however, in relation to the reaction products accumulating on the inner walls 87 of the processing chamber 86, high intensity scattered light is reflected from the inner walls when the laser beam illuminates the inner walls. As a result, when the height of the detecting optical axis of the detecting lens 22 is the same as the height of the illuminating optical axis, such that the laser beam 102 is reflected by the galvanomirror 3 and illuminates the inside of the processing chamber 86 as shown in FIG. 6, the backscattered light from the foreign particles and the high intensity scattered light 19 reflected from the inner walls of the processing chamber pass through the viewing window 20 a, strike the detecting lens 22, and are imaged at positions of the same height in the image plane 26 of the detecting lens 22. Therefore, the reflected light cannot be blocked with the spatial filter 2, strikes the optic fiber 13, cannot be eliminated from subsequent processing, and therefore becomes a major background noise.

[0081] As shown in FIG. 7(b), with respect to the direction perpendicular to the wafer surface, the detecting optical axis of the detecting lens 22 has a height different from that of the illuminating optical axis of the galvanomirror (scanning optical system) 3. In the case of being disposed at a high position, as shown in FIG. 8 for example, the back-scattered light from foreign particles and the scattered light 19 reflected from the inner walls 87 of the processing chamber are imaged at different heights in the image plane 26 of the detecting lens 22. Consequently, as shown in FIG. 9, the detection area limiting filter (spatial filter) 2 blocks the area outside the region where the foreign particle-scattered light to be detected is imaged. The scattered light 19 reflected from the inner walls 87 of the processing chamber is thereby made undetectable. Moreover, when the detecting lens 22 is a lens having a deep depth of field, the back-scattered light from foreign particles and the scattered light 19 reflected from the inner walls 87 of the processing chamber are with certainty imaged at positions of different heights in the image plane 26 of the detecting lens 22. Therefore, it becomes unnecessary to make the height of the detecting optical axis greatly different from the height of the illuminating optical axis.

[0082] Furthermore, as noted in Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. H11-251252, the output end of the optic fiber 13 is connected to a splitter 14, such as a monochrometer or interference filter, set to the wavelength of the laser beam 101 output from the laser beam source 9. After the wavelength division of only the foreign particle-scattered light wavelength component from the plasma emission, the light undergoes photoelectric conversion with a photoelectric converting element (photodetector) 15 such as a photoelectric multiplier tube. The detection signal which underwent photoelectric conversion is amplified with an amplifying circuit 16, and then undergoes synchronous detection with a lock in amp (synchronous detection circuit), with the reference signal being the rectangular signal with frequency 170 kHz and duty 50% output from the oscillator 11 used in the intensity modulation of the laser beam. The foreign particle-scattered light component with frequency 170 kHz is then extracted from the abovementioned detection signal. Through experiment, the inventors verified the intensity of the plasma emission being synchronized with the modulation frequency of the highway frequency power for plasma excitation. For example, the foreign particle signal undergoes wavelength separation by the splitter 14 from the emission of plasma generated by the high frequency power at the plasma excitation frequency of 400 kHz mentioned above and then modulation and synchronous detection at the plasma excitation frequency and the abovementioned frequency of 170 kHz which is different from the integral multiple thereof. This foreign particle signal is divided by two wavelength and frequency areas from the plasma emission and detected. With this method, the inventors confirmed by experiment that it was possible to detect with good sensitivity weak foreign particle-scattered light from the plasma emission.

[0083] The output of the lock in amp (synchronous detection circuit) 17 is sent to the computer 18. In the computer 18, the scanning signal is sent through the scanning optical system driver 4 to the galvanomirror (scanning optical system) 3, and the beam is scanned. Meanwhile the foreign particle signals 91 a to 91 e which are taken up at each scanning position are displayed on a detailed display 7 in the form as shown in FIG. 10, for example. As shown in FIG. 11, at each detection position, that difference between the output at the n-th scanning time and the output at the (n−1) scanning time is found and 92 a to 92 e are shown only when the change is of greater than a given value, whereupon the determination of the foreign particle signal becomes easy.

[0084] In the abovementioned embodiment, coordinates are taken on the diameter of 300 mm (corresponds to a 12 inch wafer), the coordinates are the horizontal axis, and calculation results for five illumination beams on the wafer are displayed. In the case of light scattered by foreign particles in the processing chamber 86, large pulse signals 92 a, 92 b, 92 c, 92 d, and 92 e appear as shown for five locations in FIG. 11. In the computer 33, the signal intensity with respect to grain diameter, attained in advance by experiment, and the detected foreign particle signal intensity are compared and the following are determined: the size of the foreign particles, the number of foreign particles from the number of the abovementioned pulse signals, and the location of the foreign particles from the scanning position when the signal was detected. Furthermore, in the computer 18, the state of contamination of the processing chamber is determined from the number and size of foreign particles detected. When the total number of foreign particles exceeds a predetermined standard value, a signal is sent to the etching process apparatus controller 88, and the etching process is ended, and information to inform the operator of the etching process apparatus of the state of contamination is output with an alarm or a light.

[0085] As explained above, with the present embodiment, it becomes unnecessary to match the illuminating optical axis and the detecting optical axis because the illuminating optical axis of the laser beam having the scanning optical system 3 is made different from the detecting optical axis of the detecting lens 22. Moreover, by constituting the detecting lens 22 with a lens having a wide field of view (wide apparent angle), it becomes possible to separate from the plasma emission and detect with uniform sensitivity floating foreign particles occurring over the entire region of a processed substrate in a plasma processing apparatus.

[0086] Furthermore, by making the height of the detecting optical axis of the detecting lens 22 different from the height of the illuminating optical axis of the laser beam having the scanning optical system 3 and blocking the scattered light reflected from the inner walls of the processing chamber with the spatial filter (detection area limiting filter), it becomes possible to separate from the plasma emission and detect floating foreign particles occurring over the entire region of a processed substrate in a plasma processing apparatus, without influence from scattered light reflected by the inner walls of the processing chamber which becomes major noise.

[0087] The second embodiment of the plasma processing apparatus relating to the present invention is explained next using FIGS. 12 through 19. FIG. 12 is a drawing showing the constitution of an etching process apparatus having a foreign particle monitor for the processing chamber, relating to the second embodiment.

[0088] In the second embodiment, aspects which are different from the first embodiment include the establishment of a viewing window (window glass) 20 b in the side wall of the plasma processing chamber 86 and the detection through the viewing window 20 b of side-scattered light resulting from floating foreign particles by the detecting lens 22.

[0089]FIG. 13(b) shows the case where the height of the optical axis for detection by the detecting lens 22 is matched with the height of the optical axis for illumination by the laser beam having the scanning optical system 3. In this way, the case of the second embodiment, the scattered light 19 reflected from the walls of the processing chamber only slightly impinges on the detecting lens 22 as shown in FIG. 14. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 15, it becomes possible to block the scattered light 19 with a spatial filter (detection area limiting filter) 2. Also, even if the computer 18 cancels the output of the lock in amp (synchronous detecting circuit) 17 based on the scanning signal to the scanning optical system 3 through the driver 4, and even if the scattered light 19 reflected from the walls of the processing chamber only slightly impinges on the detecting lens 22 as shown in FIG. 14, it becomes possible to eliminate the influence thereof.

[0090] Of course, as shown in FIG. 16(b), it is also possible to make the height of the optical axis for detection by the detecting lens 22 different from the height of the optical axis for illumination by the laser beam having the scanning optical system 3. In this case, the scattered light 19 reflected from the walls of the processing chamber impinges only slightly on the detecting lens 22 as shown in FIG. 17; therefore, the scattered light 19 can certainly be blocked by the spatial filter 2 as shown in FIG. 18.

[0091] As explained above, even in the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, it becomes unnecessary to match the illuminating optical axis and the detecting optical axis because the illuminating optical axis of the laser beam having the scanning optical system 3 is made different from the detecting optical axis of the detecting lens 22. Moreover, by constituting the detecting lens 22 with a wide field of view (wide apparent angle), it becomes possible to separate from the plasma emission and detect with uniform sensitivity floating foreign particles occurring over a wide space across the entire region of a processed substrate in a plasma processing apparatus.

[0092] A third embodiment of the plasma processing apparatus relating to the present invention is explained next. In this third embodiment, aspects which are different from the first embodiment include the establishment of a viewing window (window glass) at a position opposite to the viewing window 20 a in the plasma processing chamber 86, and the detection through that viewing window of forward-scattered light resulting from floating foreign particles over the processed substrate W by the detecting lens 22. In the third embodiment, as in the first and second embodiments, it becomes unnecessary to match the illuminating optical axis and detecting optical axis because the illuminating optical axis of the laser beam having the scanning optical system 3 is made different from the detecting optical axis of the detecting lens 22. Moreover, by constituting the detecting lens 22 with a wide field of view (wide apparent angle), it becomes possible to separate from the plasma emission and detect with uniform sensitivity floating foreign particles occurring over a wide space across the entire region of a processed substrate in a plasma processing apparatus.

[0093] Moreover, in the case of the third embodiment, it is necessary that the illuminating laser beam go straight into the plasma processing chamber. Also forming the viewing window identically to the detecting area limiting filter, or establishing a limiting filter is necessary so that the straight-traveling illuminating laser beam does not impinge on the detecting lens 22. However, the illuminating laser beam 102 is caused to strike the viewing window 20 a while being scanned with the scanning optical system 3. Furthermore, in relation to the reaction products adhering on the inside of the viewing window 20 a, the illuminating laser beam may be scattered and not travel straight through the plasma processing chamber. For this reason, the intensity of forward-scattered light caused by floating foreign particles is high compared to side-scattered light and back-scattered light, but because it is difficult to keep the illuminating laser beam from striking the detecting lens 22, the first and second embodiments are superior.

[0094] As explained above, with the first through third embodiments, it is not necessary to match the illuminating optical axis and detecting optical axis, and moreover the detecting lens 22 is constituted with a wide field of view (wide apparent angle), and the system includes a modulation and synchronous detection system. As a result, it becomes possible to separate from the plasma emission and detect weak foreign particle-scattered light in two wavelength and frequency areas. This weak scattered light is a problem when detecting foreign particles in plasma with a simplified detecting optical system. Also, the minimum detection sensitivity attained with only conventional wavelength separation is limited to about 1 μm diameter particles, but the minimum detection sensitivity can be greatly improved to 0.2 μm diameter particles. Another effect is that it becomes possible to detect foreign particles with stability across the entire wafer surface, and at the same time it is possible to monitor the state of contamination of the inner walls of a plasma processing chamber.

[0095] Also, with the first through third embodiments, foreign particle detection is effected across the entire surface of the processed substrate and the number, size, and distribution of foreign particles are determined. As a result, the operator can confirm this information in real time on a display, for example.

[0096] Also, with the first through third embodiments, the state of contamination within a plasma processing chamber can be determined in real time and at the same time the state of contamination of the inner walls of the processing chamber can be monitored, based on the information attained regarding the number, size, and distribution of foreign particles. As a result, it is possible to improve the availability factor of the apparatus by optimizing the cleaning time, to make early discovery of the sudden occurrence of a large quantity of foreign particles, and to improve yields. Also, because process continues while the state of contamination in the plasma processing chamber is continually monitored, the semiconductor substrates and liquid crystal substrates processed in this way become high-quality, highly reliable products which have been processed in an environment that does not include foreign particles beyond a reference value.

[0097] Also, with the first through third embodiments, it becomes possible to reduce the frequency of determining the state of contamination of the processing chamber using a dummy wafer, and of determining the state of contamination using sampling inspections; and therefore dummy wafer costs are reduced.

[0098] Next, an embodiment of the semiconductor processing method using the floating foreign particles monitoring technology in a plasma processing apparatus relating to the present invention is explained using FIGS. 19, 20, and 21.

[0099] Using FIGS. 19 and 20, an outline of the processing method for a semiconductor integrated circuit apparatus relating to the present invention is explained.

[0100] As shown in FIG. 20(a), the process 100 a is a film growth process for forming a processed film 601 such as a silicon dioxide film on a wafer W. The process 100 b is a film thickness measuring process for inspecting the thickness of the film formed. As shown in FIG. 20(a), the process 100 c is a resist application process for applying a resist 602 on the wafer W. As shown in FIG. 20(b), the process 100 d is a pattern transfer process for transferring a mask pattern 603 onto the wafer. As shown in FIG. 20(c), the process 100 e is a developing process for removing the processed portions of the resist 605. As shown in FIG. 20(d), the process 100 f is an etching process wherein the resist pattern 604 is the mask, the processed film 601 of the resister removal portion 605 is etched, and wiring trenches and contact holes 606 are formed. As shown in FIG. 20(e), the process 100 h is an ashing process to remove the resist pattern 604. The process 100 i is a washing process to wash the wafer surface and back surface. The abovementioned series of processes is applied for the formation of contact holes, for example.

[0101] Defects resulting from foreign particles occurring during etching adhering to the wafer are explained next using FIG. 21. FIG. 21 is a drawing showing an example of a defect occurring during contact hole etching, for example.

[0102] The foreign particle 701 shows a particle adhered to the contact hole opening during the etching process. In this case, because the etching reaction is stopped by the adhered particle, the contact hole at the section where the particle is adhered is not opened and becomes a critical defect.

[0103] The foreign particle 702 shows a particle adhered inside the contact hole during etching. In this case as well, because the etching reaction is stopped by the adhered particle, the contact hole at the section where the particle is adhered is not opened and becomes a critical defect.

[0104] The foreign particles 703 and 704 show particles adhered inside the contact holes after etching is completed. Particles adhered at locations with a high aspect ratio such as contact holes are often difficult to remove even during the washing process and in the case of large particles such as the particle 703, these become critical defects because contact is no good.

[0105] The foreign particle 705 shows a particle adhered on the resist pattern 604 during the etching process. In this case, the etching reaction is not influenced by the adhered particle 705 and a critical defect does not result from the adhered particle 705.

[0106] In this way, critical defects do not occur in the case where the size of the particle is not large enough to cause a defect, or in the case where the location of adherence is in an area that is not etched; all particles adhered to the wafer do not cause critical defects. Also, while foreign particles 701 and 705 are particles that are relatively easily removed by washing, particles that dropped into contact holes with a high aspect ratio, such as particles 602, 703, and 704, are difficult to remove by washing.

[0107] In the present invention, in the etching process 100 f where the etching process apparatus 80 is established, foreign particles generated in the processing chamber during etching is detected in real time by the measurement apparatus 5000 for floating particles in plasma. In the foreign particle determination process 100 fa, the computer 18 or the controller connected to the computer 18 selects an action from among the following based on the foreign particle detection results: to send the processed wafer to the next process and to continue the process 100 f for the remaining wafers; to perform a visual inspection 100 fc before sending the wafer to the next process; or to stop the process and performed cleaning (maintenance) 100 fd of the processing chamber.

[0108] The process to be performed next is selected by comparing the size and number of detected foreign particles with a predetermined standard value (foreign particle control standard).

[0109] An example of the method for calculating the abovementioned standard value (foreign particle control standard) relating to the present embodiment is explained next. As already explained, even if foreign particles are adhered on the wafer, all of the particles will not cause critical defects. The probability for critical defects resulting from adhered particles can be calculated from the relationship between the open area ratio and the pattern density of the etching pattern, as well as the line width, to the size and number of the foreign particles adhered. Consequently, the correlation between the size and number of foreign particles detected during etching process with the size and number of foreign particles adhered to the wafer is found in advance by experiment, and the probability for a critical defect to result from the foreign particles detected during etching can be determined.

[0110] The standard value (foreign particle control standard) is established based on the value calculated with the abovementioned method. An example of setting a standard value in the present embodiment is shown below.

[0111] In the foreign particle determining portion 100 fa, if the number N1 of detected foreign particles of a certain size or greater is less than a prescribed value 1, the standard value 1 is set such that the probability of a critical defect occurring is very low (for example, the critical defect probability is 1% or less). For example, the standard value 1 is 10 particles with a diameter of 0.4 μm or greater.

[0112] In the foreign particle determining portion 100 fa, if the number N1 of detected particles of a certain size or greater is greater than the abovementioned prescribed value 1 and less than a prescribed value 2, the standard value 2 is set so as to become a value where the occurrence of critical defects is a concern (for example, the critical defect probability is 5% or less). For example, the standard value 2 is 30 particles with a diameter of 0.4 μm or greater.

[0113] In the foreign particle determining portion 100 fa, if the number N1 of detected particles of a certain size or greater is greater than the abovementioned prescribed value 2, many critical defects will occur (for example, the critical defect probability is 5% or greater).

[0114] When the number N1 of particles of a certain size or greater detected during etching process is less than the abovementioned prescribed value 1 based on the abovementioned prescribed value, the probability of a critical defect occurring is low and therefore the next wafer process 100 fb is performed.

[0115] When the number N1 of particles of a certain size or greater detected during etching process is greater than or equal to the abovementioned prescribed value 1, but the less than the abovementioned prescribed value 2, a visual inspection 100 fc will be performed after the etching process. If a critical defect is not confirmed in step 100 fc a as a result of the visual inspection, the wafer is sent on to the next ashing process 100 h. If a critical defect is confirmed in step 100 fc a as a result of the visual inspection, it is determined whether the critical defect is a remediable defect. When the defect is determined to be a remediable defect (by using a salvage circuit) based on the abovementioned determination results, the wafer is sent on to the next ashing process 100 h. When the defect is determined not to be a remediable defect based on the abovementioned determination results in step 100 fc b, the wafer is sent on to the next ashing process 100 h after the location of the defect is recorded in step 100 fc d. Thereafter, the chip including the abovementioned unremediable defect is thrown out when the chips are separated by dicing, for example.

[0116] When the number N1 of particles of a certain size or greater detected during etching process is greater than the abovementioned prescribed value 2, it is highly possible that a large number of critical defects will occur even on wafers which undergo process thereafter. Therefore, the operator of the etching apparatus is informed by a display on a monitor screen or by an alarm to interrupt the etching process and perform cleaning (maintenance) 100 fd inside the plasma processing chamber.

[0117] In an etching process apparatus which is not provided an apparatus for measuring floating foreign particles in plasma, the cleaning of the processing chamber may not necessarily be performed at the optimal time. Consequently, cleaning is performed at a time when it is not necessary and the utilization rate of the apparatus drops, and or oppositely, process continues as time passes when cleaning should be performed, a large quantity of bad items is produced, and the yield drops.

[0118] Also, there is a method wherein advance work using a dummy wafer is performed to check foreign particles in the processing chamber, and the cleaning time is found from the results thereof. In this case, because excess work must be done for this series of processes, throughput drops and the cost for the dummy wafer must be incurred. For larger wafer sizes, the increased cost of the dummy wafer is unavoidable and a major issue is a reduction of advance work using dummy wafers to check foreign particles in the processing chamber.

[0119] On the other hand, with the present embodiment, because process of the processed substrates can be performed at the same time as real-time monitoring of the state of contamination in the processing chamber, the cleaning time can be optimized. Because advance work using a dummy wafer is not necessary, throughput can be improved and the dummy wafer costs can be reduced. Also, products processed with the processes of the present embodiment are products of good quality which do not include foreign particles of greater than or equal to a prescribed value, and consequently, high reliability products can be processed.

[0120] In the abovementioned embodiments, examples of the application to an etching process apparatus were discussed, but as noted before, the scope of the application of the present invention is not limited to this and the present invention may be applied to ashing apparatuses or film growth apparatuses, for example. This makes possible real-time monitoring of foreign particles in the ashing apparatuses and film growth apparatuses. It thereby becomes possible to reduce problems occurring in the ashing process and film growth process during the photolithography process, and it becomes possible to prevent the occurrence of defective products and improve yields.

[0121] The present invention contributes to the effects of making possible the stable detection of foreign particles across the entire surface of a processed substrate, while greatly improving detection sensitivity of foreign particles floating in plasma, and simplifying the detecting optical system. At the same time, another effect is that it becomes possible to monitor the state of contamination of the walls of the plasma processing chamber.

[0122] Also, with the present invention, the state of contamination in a processing chamber can be determined in real time and at the same time the state of contamination of the inner walls of the processing chamber can be monitored based on information attained on the number, size and distribution of foreign particles. As a result, the utilization rate of the apparatus is improved due to the optimization of the cleaning time, the sudden occurrence of large quantities of foreign particles can be detected quickly, and yields are improved. Because process is continued while the state of contamination in the processing chamber is continually monitored, the semiconductor substrates and liquid crystal substrates processed in this way become high-quality, high reliability products processed in an environment which does not include foreign particles of greater than or equal to a standard value.

[0123] The invention may be embodied other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiment is therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A processing method for semiconductor devices comprising the steps of: an introduction step for introducing a semiconductor substrate into a processing chamber; a plasma generating step for generating plasma in said processing chamber; a processing step for processing the semiconductor substrate by processing said semiconductor substrate by a reaction with said generated plasma in said processing chamber; a foreign particle detection step for detecting foreign particles floating in or near said generated plasma in said processing chamber; and a removal step for removing said manufactured semiconductor substrate from the processing chamber; wherein said foreign particle detection step comprises: a radiation step for radiating a laser beam inside said processing chamber through a window of said processing chamber, and scanning the laser beam above the semiconductor substrate inside said processing chamber by using a scanning optical system; a detecting step for detecting light scattered, caused by the scanning of the laser beam, from foreign particles floating above the semiconductor substrate by a detecting optical unit having a wide view lens which has a wide view angle covering above the semiconductor substrate through the window and has an optical axis different from an optical axis of the scanning optical system and a sensor which receives the scattered light through the wide view lens and outputs a first signal; and a step for attaining said floating foreign particle information from said first signal.
 2. A processing method for semiconductor devices according to the claim 1, wherein the light scattered from floating foreign particles is back-scattered light and/or side-scattered light from floating foreign particles.
 3. A processing method for semiconductor devices according to the claim 1, wherein said detecting lens has a deep depth of field that can form an image, at said plane of incidence without defocusing, of scattered light from foreign particles within said processing chamber, occurring at any point between the detecting lens and the point at which foreign particle-scattered light occurs closest to said detecting lens within the region illuminated by said laser beam, and between the detecting lens and the point at which foreign particle-scattered light occurs farthest from said detecting lens within the region illuminated by said laser beam within said processing chamber.
 4. A processing method for semiconductor devices according to the claim 1, wherein the scattered light reflected from the walls of the processing chamber and brought to the plane of incidence by the detecting lens in said detecting step is blocked by a spatial filter.
 5. A processing method for semiconductor devices according to the claim 1, wherein, in said detecting step, the light focused on said plane of incidence is guided by an optic fiber to a detector.
 6. A processing method for semiconductor devices according to the claim 1, wherein, in said detecting step, the height of the plane including the illuminating optical axis of said scanning optical system is different from the height of the plane including the detecting optical axis of said detecting lens.
 7. A processing method for semiconductor devices comprising the steps of: an introduction step for introducing a semiconductor substrate into a processing chamber; a plasma generating step for generating plasma in said processing chamber; a processing step for processing the semiconductor substrate by processing said semiconductor substrate by a reaction with said generated plasma in said processing chamber; a foreign particle detection step for detecting foreign particles floating in or near said generated plasma in said processing chamber; and a removal step for removing said processed semiconductor substrate from the processing chamber; wherein said foreign particle detection step further comprises: a radiation step for radiating a beam, intensity modulated by a prescribed frequency with an intensity modulator, through a window established in said processing chamber, and causing the beam to scan over and irradiate the semiconductor substrate introduced in said processing chamber with a scanning optical system; a detecting step for detecting light scattered, caused by the scanning of the laser beam, from foreign particles floating above the semiconductor substrate by a detecting optical unit having a wide view lens which has a wide view angle covering above the semiconductor substrate through the window and has an optical axis different from an optical axis of the,scanning optical system and a sensor which receives the scattered light through the wide view lens and outputs a first signal; and a step for attaining said floating foreign particle information by extracting from said first signal the signal component having the same frequency as said light, which was intensity modulated with the prescribed frequency.
 8. A processing method for semiconductor devices according to the claim 7, wherein the light scattered from floating foreign particles is back-scattered light and/or side-scattered light from floating foreign particles.
 9. A processing method for semiconductor devices according to the claim 7, wherein in said detecting step, said detecting lens has such a deep depth of field as to form an image, at said plane of incidence without defocusing, of the scattered light from foreign particles within said processing chamber, occurring at any point between the detecting lens and the point at which foreign particle-scattered light occurs closest to said detecting lens within the region illuminated by said laser beam, and between the detecting lens and the point at which foreign particle-scattered light occurs farthest from said detecting lens within the region illuminated by said laser beam within said processing chamber.
 10. A processing method for semiconductor devices according to the claim 7, wherein the scattered light reflected from the walls of the processing chamber and brought to the plane of incidence by the detecting lens in said detecting step is blocked by a spatial filter.
 11. A processing method for semiconductor devices according to the claim 7, wherein the light focused on said plane of incidence is guided by an optic fiber to a detector in said detecting step.
 12. A processing method for semiconductor devices according to the claim 7, wherein the height of the plane including the illuminating optical axis of said scanning optical system is different from the height of the plane including the detecting optical axis of said detecting lens in said detecting step.
 13. A processing method for semiconductor devices according to the claim 7, wherein, in said detecting step of said foreign particle detecting step, said intensity modulated light has a prescribed wavelength and is separated into a light component having said prescribed wavelength from the light focused on the plane of incidence, and the separated light component is received by a detector and converted to a first signal.
 14. A processing method for semiconductor devices according to the claim 7, wherein, in said foreign particle detecting step, the prescribed frequency for said intensity modulation is different from the excitation frequency of said generated plasma, or the emission frequency and the frequency obtained by multiplying the same by an integer.
 15. A processing method for semiconductor devices according to the claim 7, wherein, said foreign particle detecting step further comprises a step for analyzing the state of contamination within said processing chamber or over said semiconductor substrate based on said floating foreign particle information attained.
 16. A processing method for semiconductor devices according to the claim 15, further comprising a step for controlling the cleaning of said processing chamber based on said analysis results of the state of contamination.
 17. A plasma processing method comprising the steps of: an introduction step for introducing a processed substrate into a processing chamber; a plasma generating step for generating plasma in said processing chamber; a process step for processing said processed substrate by a reaction with said generated plasma in said processing chamber; a foreign particle detection step for detecting foreign particles floating in or near said generated plasma in said processing chamber; and a removal step for removing said processed substrate, which has undergone process, from the processing chamber; wherein said foreign particle detection step further comprises: a radiation step for radiating a light beam, an intensity of which is modulated with a prescribed frequency by an intensity modulator, inside said processing chamber through a window of the processing chamber, and scanning the laser beam above the semiconductor substrate inside said processing chamber by using a scanning optical system; a detecting step for detecting light scattered, caused by the scanning of the laser beam, from foreign particles floating above the semiconductor substrate by a detecting optical unit having a wide view lens which has a wide view angle covering above the semiconductor substrate through the window and has an optical axis different from an optical axis of the scanning optical system and a sensor which receives the scattered light through the wide view lens and outputs a first signal; and a step for attaining said floating foreign particle information by extracting from said first signal the signal component having the same frequency as said light, which was intensity modulated with the prescribed frequency.
 18. A plasma processing method according to the claim 17, wherein the detecting lens in the detecting step of said foreign particle detecting step has a deep focal depth such that the scattered light from floating foreign particles occurring over the entire region over said processed substrate scanned by said intensity modulated beam is imaged on the image plane.
 19. A plasma processing method according to the claim 17, wherein the scattered light reflected from the walls of the processing chamber and brought to the plane of incidence by the detecting lens is blocked by a spatial filter in the detecting step of said foreign particle detecting step.
 20. A plasma processing method comprising the steps of: an introduction step for introducing a processed substrate into a processing chamber; a plasma generating step for generating plasma in said processing chamber; a process step for processing said processed substrate by a reaction with said generated plasma in said processing chamber; a foreign particle detection step for detecting foreign particles floating in or near said generated plasma in said processing chamber; and a removal step for removing said processed substrate, which has undergone process, from the processing chamber; wherein said foreign particle detection step further comprises: a radiation step for radiating a light beam having a certain wavelength, an intensity of which is modulated with a prescribed frequency by an intensity modulator, inside said processing chamber through a window of the processing chamber, and scanning the laser beam above the semiconductor substrate inside said processing chamber by using a scanning optical system; a detecting step for detecting light scattered, caused by the scanning of the laser beam, from foreign particles floating above the semiconductor substrate by a detecting optical unit having a wide view lens which has a wide view angle covering above the semiconductor substrate through the window and has an optical axis different from an optical axis of the scanning optical system and a sensor which receives a light having the certain wavelength separated from the scattered light passed through the wide view lens and outputs a first signal; and a step for attaining said floating foreign particle information by extracting from said first signal the signal component having the same frequency as said light, which was intensity modulated with the prescribed frequency.
 21. A plasma processing method according to the claim 20, wherein the detecting lens in the detecting step of said foreign particle detecting step has a deep focal depth for imaging on the image plane the scattered light from floating foreign particles occurring over the entire region over said processed substrate scanned by said intensity modulated beam.
 22. A plasma processing method according to the claim 20, wherein light reflected from the walls of the processing chamber and brought to the plane of incidence by the detecting lens is blocked by a spatial filter in the detecting step of said foreign particle detecting step.
 23. A plasma processing apparatus comprising the following: a processing chamber provided with exhaust means for evacuating the interior and maintaining a prescribed pressure; gas supply means for supplying a desired gas to said processing chamber, the interior of which has been evacuated to vacuum with said exhaust means; plasma generating means for generating plasma within said processing chamber in the state where the desired gas is supplied to the interior of said processing chamber by the gas supply means; an illuminating optical system for radiating and scanning a laser beam from outside said processing chamber, through a window established in said processing chamber, into the inside of said processing chamber where plasma is generated with the plasma generating means; a detecting optical system for detecting, through said window, scattered light from foreign particles floating within said processing chamber, by the radiation and scanning of the laser beam with the illuminating optical system; and processing means for obtaining information on the state of the distribution of foreign particles floating inside said processing chamber by processing a signal attained by detecting scattered light from said floating foreign particles by the detecting optical system in synchronization with said laser beam scanning.
 24. A plasma processing apparatus according to the claim 23, wherein said processing chamber means are provided electrodes therein; and said plasma generating means generate plasma by high frequency discharge within said processing chamber by applying high frequency power to the electrodes of said processing chamber.
 25. A plasma processing apparatus according to the claim 23, wherein said illuminating optical system illuminates and scans the interior of said processing chamber with a laser beam, intensity modulated with a frequency different from the frequency of said high frequency power, through a window established in said processing chamber.
 26. A plasma processing apparatus according to the claim 23, wherein said processing chamber means are provided therein with a placement portion on which the processed substrate is placed; and said illuminating optical system scans said laser over the entire surface of the processed substrate above the processed substrate placed on said placement portion.
 27. A plasma processing apparatus according to the claim 23, further comprising the display portion for displaying the results of processing with said processing means.
 28. A plasma processing apparatus according to the claim 27, wherein said display portion displays the situation of the distribution of the floating foreign particles within said processing chamber as the results processed with said processing means.
 29. A plasma processing apparatus according to the claim 23, wherein said detecting optical system comprises a lens portion, and detects through the lens portion scattered light from foreign particles floating inside said processing chamber, by the illumination and scanning of the laser beam by said illuminating optical system.
 30. A plasma processing apparatus according to the claim 23, wherein said detecting optical system comprises a spatial filter for blocking scattered light reflected from the walls of the processing chamber impinging on said lens portion.
 31. A plasma processing apparatus according to the claim 23, wherein said detecting optical system comprises a focusing lens and detector for focusing and detecting scattered light from foreign particles through said window; and the focusing lens has such a deep depth of field as to form an image, at said plane of incidence without defocusing, of the scattered light from foreign particles within said processing chamber, occurring at any point between the detecting lens and the point at which foreign particle-scattered light occurs closest to said detecting lens within the region illuminated by said laser beam, and between the detecting lens and the point at which foreign particle-scattered light occurs farthest from said detecting lens within the region illuminated by said laser beam within said processing chamber. 